关于 WiPy 的一般信息 ¶

No floating point support ¶

Due to space reasons, there’s no floating point support, and no math module. This means that floating point numbers cannot be used anywhere in the code, and that all divisions must be performed using ‘//’ instead of ‘/’. Example:

>>> r = 4 // 2  # this will work
>>> r = 4 / 2   # this WON'T
											

Before applying power ¶

WLAN default behaviour ¶

When the WiPy boots with the default factory configuration starts in Access Point mode with ssid that starts with: wipy-wlan and key: www.wipy.io . Connect to this network and the WiPy will be reachable at 192.168.1.1 . In order to gain access to the interactive prompt, open a telnet session to that IP address on the default port (23). You will be asked for credentials: login: micro and password: python

Telnet REPL ¶

Linux stock telnet works like a charm (also on OSX), but other tools like putty work quite well too. The default credentials are: user: micro , password: python 。见 network.Server for info on how to change the defaults. For instance, on a linux shell (when connected to the WiPy in AP mode):

$ telnet 192.168.1.1
											

Local file system and FTP access ¶

There is a small internal file system (a drive) on the WiPy, called /flash , which is stored within the external serial flash memory. If a micro SD card is hooked-up and mounted, it will be available as well.

When the WiPy starts up, it always boots from the boot.py located in the /flash file system. On boot up, the current directory is /flash .

The file system is accessible via the native FTP server running in the WiPy. Open your FTP client of choice and connect to:

url: ftp://192.168.1.1 , user: micro , password: python

见 network.Server for info on how to change the defaults. The recommended clients are: Linux stock FTP (also in OSX), Filezilla and FireFTP. For example, on a linux shell:

$ ftp 192.168.1.1
											

The FTP server on the WiPy doesn’t support active mode, only passive, therefore, if using the native unix ftp client, just after logging in do:

ftp> passive
											

Besides that, the FTP server only supports one data connection at a time. Check out the Filezilla settings section below for more info.

FileZilla settings ¶

Do not use the quick connect button, instead, open the site manager and create a new configuration. In the General tab make sure that encryption is set to: Only use plain FTP (insecure) . In the Transfer Settings tab limit the max number of connections to one, otherwise FileZilla will try to open a second command connection when retrieving and saving files, and for simplicity and to reduce code size, only one command and one data connections are possible. Other FTP clients might behave in a similar way.

Upgrading the firmware Over The Air ¶

OTA software updates can be performed through the FTP server. Upload the mcuimg.bin file to: /flash/sys/mcuimg.bin it will take around 6s. You won’t see the file being stored inside /flash/sys/ because it’s actually saved bypassing the user file system, so it ends up inside the internal hidden file system, but rest assured that it was successfully transferred, and it has been signed with a MD5 checksum to verify its integrity. Now, reset the WiPy by pressing the switch on the board, or by typing:

>>> import machine
>>> machine.reset()
											

Software updates can be found in: https://github.com/wipy/wipy/releases ( Binaries.zip ). It’s always recommended to update to the latest software, but make sure to read the release notes before.

In order to check your software version, do:

>>> import os
>>> os.uname().release
											

If the version number is lower than the latest release found in the releases , go ahead and update your WiPy!

Boot modes and safe boot ¶

If you power up normally, or press the reset button, the WiPy will boot into standard mode; the boot.py file will be executed first, then main.py will run.

You can override this boot sequence by pulling GP28 up (connect it to the 3v3 output pin) during reset. This procedure also allows going back in time to old firmware versions. The WiPy can hold up to 3 different firmware versions, which are: the factory firmware plus 2 user updates.

After reset, if GP28 is held high, the heartbeat LED will start flashing slowly, if after 3 seconds the pin is still being held high, the LED will start blinking a bit faster and the WiPy will select the previous user update to boot. If the previous user update is the desired firmware image, GP28 must be released before 3 more seconds elapse. If 3 seconds later the pin is still high, the factory firmware will be selected, the LED will flash quickly for 1.5 seconds and the WiPy will proceed to boot. The firmware selection mechanism is as follows:

Safe Boot Pin GP28 released during:

On all of the above 3 scenarios, safe boot mode is entered, meaning that the execution of both boot.py and main.py is skipped. This is useful to recover from crash situations caused by the user scripts. The selection made during safe boot is not persistent, therefore after the next normal reset the latest firmware will run again.

The heartbeat LED ¶

By default the heartbeat LED flashes once every 4s to signal that the system is alive. This can be overridden through the wipy 模块：

>>> import wipy
>>> wipy.heartbeat(False)
											

There are currently 2 kinds of errors that you might see:

1. If the heartbeat LED flashes quickly, then a Python script (eg main.py ) has an error. Use the REPL to debug it.

2. If the heartbeat LED stays on, then there was a hard fault, you cannot recover from this, the only way out is to press the reset switch.

Details on sleep modes ¶

• machine.idle() : Power consumption: ~12mA (in WLAN STA mode). Wake sources: any hardware interrupt (including systick with period of 1ms), no special configuration required.

• machine.lightsleep() : 950uA (in WLAN STA mode). Wake sources are Pin , RTC and WLAN

• machine.deepsleep() : ~350uA. Wake sources are Pin and RTC .

Additional details for machine.Pin ¶

On the WiPy board the pins are identified by their string id:

from machine import Pin
g = machine.Pin('GP9', mode=Pin.OUT, pull=None, drive=Pin.MED_POWER, alt=-1)
											

You can also configure the Pin to generate interrupts. For instance:

from machine import Pin
def pincb(pin):
    print(pin.id())
pin_int = Pin('GP10', mode=Pin.IN, pull=Pin.PULL_DOWN)
pin_int.irq(trigger=Pin.IRQ_RISING, handler=pincb)
# the callback can be triggered manually
pin_int.irq()()
# to disable the callback
pin_int.irq().disable()
											

Now every time a falling edge is seen on the gpio pin, the callback will be executed. Caution: mechanical push buttons have “bounce” and pushing or releasing a switch will often generate multiple edges. See: http://www.eng.utah.edu/~cs5780/debouncing.pdf for a detailed explanation, along with various techniques for debouncing.

All pin objects go through the pin mapper to come up with one of the gpio pins.

对于 drive parameter the strengths are:

• Pin.LOW_POWER - 2mA drive capability.

• Pin.MED_POWER - 4mA drive capability.

• Pin.HIGH_POWER - 6mA drive capability.

对于 alt parameter please refer to the pinout and alternate functions table at < https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wipy/wipy/master/docs/PinOUT.png >`_ for the specific alternate functions that each pin supports.

For interrupts, the priority can take values in the range 1-7. And the wake parameter has the following properties:

• 若 wake_from=machine.Sleep.ACTIVE any pin can wake the board.

• 若 wake_from=machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED pins GP2 , GP4 , GP10 , GP11 , GP17`` or GP24 can wake the board. Note that only 1 of this pins can be enabled as a wake source at the same time, so, only the last enabled pin as a machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED wake source will have effect.

• 若 wake_from=machine.Sleep.SUSPENDED pins GP2 , GP4 , GP10 , GP11 , GP17 and GP24 can wake the board. In this case all of the 6 pins can be enabled as a machine.Sleep.HIBERNATE wake source at the same time.

Additional Pin methods:

machine.Pin. alt_list ( ) ¶

Returns a list of the alternate functions supported by the pin. List items are a tuple of the form: ('ALT_FUN_NAME', ALT_FUN_INDEX)

Additional details for machine.I2C ¶

On the WiPy there is a single hardware I2C peripheral, identified by “0”. By default this is the peripheral that is used when constructing an I2C instance. The default pins are GP23 for SCL and GP13 for SDA, and one can create the default I2C peripheral simply by doing:

i2c = machine.I2C()
											

The pins and frequency can be specified as:

i2c = machine.I2C(freq=400000, scl='GP23', sda='GP13')
											

Only certain pins can be used as SCL/SDA. Please refer to the pinout for further information.

已知问题 ¶

import socket
import ssl
s = socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_SEC)
ss = ssl.wrap_socket(s)
												

import socket
import ssl
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_SEC)
ss = ssl.wrap_socket(s, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED, ca_certs='/flash/cert/ca.pem')
ss.connect(socket.getaddrinfo('cloud.blynk.cc', 8441)[0][-1])
												

hash = hashlib.sha1('abcd1234', 1001)    # length of the initial piece is multiple of 4 bytes
hash.update('1234')                       # also multiple of 4 bytes
...
hash.update('12345')                      # last chunk may be of any length
hash.digest()
												

import network
server = network.Server()
server.deinit() # disable the server
# enable the server again with new settings
server.init(login=('user', 'password'), timeout=600)